Machine for making t&#39;s of metal tubing



March 28,1944. J, Q, HOLMES ETAL 2,345,123

MACHINE FO MAKING TEES OF METAL TUBING Filed April 14, 1941 March 28,'1944. J, Q HOLMES ET AL 2,345,123

MACHINE FOR MAKING TEES OF METAL TUBING Filed April 14,l 1941 5Sheets-Sheet 3 ZZ I 554 March 28, 1944.

J. Q. HOLMES ETAL 2,345,123 MACHINE FOR MAKING TEES OF METAL TUBING lFiled Apri'l 14, 1941 l 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 If. i 1| i March 28, 1944. .1.Q. HOLMES ETAL MACHINE FOR MAKING T EES OF METAL TUBING Filed April- 14,1941' Sheets-Sheet 5 BY uw 7% wila/ATTORNEY Patented Mar. Z8, 1944MACHINE! FOR MAKING TS OF METAL TUBING John Q. Holmes and Basil S.Sanziple, Anderson, Ind., assignors to General Motors Corporation,Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Delaware Application April 14, 1941,Serial No. 388,396

9 Claims.

This invention relates to the art of fabricating metal tubing intoarticles such as manifolds for delivering lubricating oil to the crankshaft bearings of an internal combustion engine. The patent of Nicholsand Weiser No. 2,297,013, issued Sep't. 29, 1942, discloses a method bywhich a section f metal tubing can be provided with a side opening andsocket, the inside diameter of which is equal to the outside diameter ofthe tube. This socket receives another section of tubing of the sameoutside diameter as the first section in order to provide a T. Onesection of the tubing conducts liquid to the other section which may beprovided with branches of smaller diameter spaced so as to distributeoil properly to the crank shaft bearings of an engine.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a machine by whichthe operations disclosed in the Nichols and Weiser application can beeconomically carried out.

Further objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparentfrom the following description, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings wherein a preferred embodiment of the present invention isclearly shown.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is an end view of the machine embodying the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a plan view partly in section, the section being taken on theline 2-2 of Fig. 1 and certain parts being omitted for the sake ofclearness.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary sectional View on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2 and isdrawn twice the scale of Fig. 2.

:Figs 4, 5 and 6 show the three operations which are successfullyperformed upon a fragment of tubing by the tools shown best in Fig. 3.

Figs. '7 and 8 taken together constitute a sectional view on line 1--1of Fig. 3.

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary sectional view on line 9-9 of'Fig. 2.

Fig. 10 is a diagram of a compressed air system including control valvesand air cylinders for operating the tools which perform the operationsindicated in Figs. 4, 5 and 6.

Referring to sections I, 2, 1 and 8 the machine comprises a base 2i)providing an opening 2l for the discharge of the completed Work andsupporting bearing brackets 22 and 23 upon which a shaft 24 isjournalled, said bearings being completed by bearing bracket caps 22aand 23a secured by screws to the brackets 22 and 23. The shaft 24supports spiders 25, 26 and 21 providing cylindrical surfaces 25a, 26aand 21a to which are secured sheet metal sleeves 28 stiffened by bars 29attached by screws 3D. The spiders 25, 26 and 21 are providedrespectively with eight fiat surfaces 25h, 2Gb and 21h. Each of theflats;25b supports a block 3| provided with notch 32,for receiving theflattened end 33 of a tube T. The other end of the tube T rests upon agroove block 34 there being eight of these blocks attached respectivelyto the eight flats 21h 'of spider 21. Intermediate its ends, the tube Tis supported by a grooved block 35 having a central socket 36 (Fig. 2),for the purpose lof receiving portions of the tube which are enlargedduring the third operation performed by the machine. The tube T isclamped in the required position upon its workholder by a lever 40having a socket 4I for receiving the round end of the tube as shown inFig. 8. Lever 40 is pivoted upon a pin 42 supported by a pair of ears 43integral with spider 21. A spring 44 conned in a socket 45 of spider 21urges the lever 40 counterclockwise (Fig. 8). The right end of spring 44isv retained by a pin 46 in` lever 40. Lever 40 is provided with ahandle 41 against which the 'operator presses to move the lever 4l]clockwise'whenhe places the tube T in position.

By a ratchet mechanism to be described', the shaft 24 is rotatedintermittently clockwise as viewed in Figs. 1 and 3 to carry the workinto the work stations A, B and C (Fig. 3) and finally into a dischargestation D. At station D the Work retaining lever 40 is moved into theposition 40 (Fig. 8) so that the work may gravitate from the workholderand move down a chute into a suitable receptacle not shown. As a lever,40 approaches station D its stud 46 is engaged by a cam 56 carried by aplate 5I secured to a plate 52 fixed to bracket 23.

A ratchet 60 having pawl receiving notches 6l is secured to shaft 24 bypin 62. Shaft portion 24a (Fig. 8') provides a journal for a bearing 63for a collar providing a hub 64 welded to a plate 65 providing a ratchetcarrier. Parts 64 and 65 are retained by a disc 66 attached by a screw61 to shaft 24. Plate 65 supports a screw vstud 68 secured by nut 68aproviding a pivot for a pawl 69 for successively engaging the notches 6Iof ratchet 60. These notches are successivelyrengaged also by a locatingpawl 10 journalled on a screw 1I fixed to bracket 23. PaWl 10 is urgedcounterclockwise (Fig. 1) about its pivot 1I by a rod 12 guided by abracket 13 housing ,a spring 14 for urging the pawl 10 upwardly. Whenthe plate 65 ismoved counterclockwise (Fig.. l) by mechanism to bedescribed to cause pawl 69 tc order to lock the work-holder in a newwork position.

The plate 65 is oscillated by a mechanism comprising an air cylinder 80cooperating with a piston, not shown, which is connected with a pistonrod 8| connected by a pin 82 with a block 83 attached to a slide 84guided in ways 85 provided by a bracket 86 (Figs. 3 and 9). The rightend of slide 84 (Fig. 9) is attached by pivot screw 81 to a link 88having a slot 89 for receiving a pivot screw 90 on an arm of a bellcrank lever 9| pivoted on a screw 92 fixed to a bracket 93 attached tobase 20. The other arm of lever 9| is connected with rod 94 by a balland socket connection at 95. The other end of rod 94 is connected by aball and socket connection 96 with plate 65. When air is admitted to thehead end of cylinder 80 the rod 8| moves downwardly (Fig. 2) or towardthe right (Fig. 9) in order to effect counterclockwise movement of plate65 in order to back the ratchet-moving pawl 69 and to retract theratchet-locating pawl 10. When air is admitted to the piston rod end ofcylinder 80 the plate 65 is moved clockwise in order that the workholdermay be indexed 45 and then be located by the pawl 10. The slot in theend of link 88 provides a lost motion connection between the operatingpiston rod 8| and the paWl carrier 65. This lost motion is requiredbecause the piston rod 8| is connected with another mechanism to bedescribed, said mechanism requiring greater movement than is required bythe indexing mechanism.

Referring to Figs. 3, 'l and 8 a bracket |00 mounted upon the base 20 isprovided with three mounting pads IOI, |02 and |03 which are machinedsurfaces located at 45 with respect to each other. Surface I| supportscylinder |04 containing a piston, not shown, connected with a piston rod|05. Rod is threadedly engaged by a screw having a knurled head |06 anda shank |01 terminating in a plan cylindrical head |08 received in asocket |09 provided by the cooperation of a tool supporting base |I0 andan annular ring III secured by screws II2 and having an integral ange|I3 engageable with the head |08 of screw |06. By turning the knurledpart |06, the distance between the piston rod |05 and the toolsupporting base I I0 can be adjusted. Base I|0 is provided with bushingsII5 (Figs. '7 and 8) for receiving stationary pilot pins or rods ||6fixed to the mounting pad I0| of frame |00. The rods H6 guide theworkholder base IIO during movement thereof by the piston rod |05. Tothe base IIO is secured a block |20 by screws I2I. Block |20 guides apressure block |22 having notches |23 for receiving the tube T when theblock |22 has been moved into engagement with the block 35 adjacentthereto. The pressure block |22 is prevented from turning with respectto the block |20 by a key |24 fixed to the block |20 and received by anotch in the ange I 25 of block 22. The block |20 retains a plate |26 towhich is xed the upper end of a punch |21 for performing the operationupon the tubing while at station A. A spring |28 conned between ashoulder |29 of block |22 and the plate |26 urges block |22 downwardlyuntil its ange |25 engages a shoulder I25a of block |20. When air underpressure is admitted to the head end of cylinder |04 through opening|04a to which a pipe is attached, rod |05 moves downwardly to causepressure block |22 to engage tubing T and to force the same againstblock 35 while at station A and to hold said block |22 against the workunder yielding pressure afforded by spring |28 while the tool |21 sochanges the tube T that a rectangular hole |I (Fig. 4) is changed into acircular hole |2 bounded by arcuate anges I3 which extend outwardly. Asdisclosed in the patent to Nichols and Weiser #2,297,013, therectangular hole'II is formed by a shearing punch which leaves thoseedges of hole extending lengthwise of the tube 'I' relatively sharp. Thecurvature of the punch |21 in an axial direction is such that, when thepunch |21 engages these sharp edges, they move outwardly, rather thaninwardly toward the interior of the tube, because it is easier for themetal of the tube to move in an outward direction rather than to followdown with the punch |21. These edges of hole II are relatively thin andare easily bent upward as the punch 21 engages them. The displacement ofthe rest of the metal surrounding the hole II readily follows in anupward and outward direction. Thus the rectangular hole II becomes acircular hole I2 bounded by arcuate flanges I2. Following thisoperation, air is admitted through a pipe connected with the ypiston rodend of cylinder |04 through the tapped opening |041) to cause the block|22 and tool |21 to be retracted.

Mounting pad |02 supports an air cylinder |30 containing a pistonconnected with a piston rod I3| which is associated with parts similarto all of the parts which have been described in connection withcylinder |04 with the exception that the tool |32 diiers from the tool|21 at station A with respect to its contour. Tool |32 is so shaped asto cause the flanges I3 (Fig. 4) to be spread apart to form the somewhatarcuate flanges I4 (Fig. 5) surrounding a hole |5 of somewhat ellipticalshape. As the pressure block |22 at station B is retracted from thework, tube T is prevented from being dislodged from the block 35. Forthis purpose, there are two bars |35 (Figs. 7 and 8) fixed at theirlower ends by screws |36 to bracket |00.

The third operation performed at station C is to shape the opening I5into a circular opening as shown in Fig. 6 and to cause the side wallsof the tube T to be enlarged as indicated at I1 in Figs. 3 and 6,thereby providing a cylindrical socket for receiving a tube whoseoutside diameter equals the outside diameter of the tube T beingoperated upon by this machine. The tool |40 (Fig. 3) for performing thisoperation has an end |4| of oblong cross section adapted to enter theopening I5 of Fig. 5. While the tool |40 is thus entered, it is causedto rotate thereby changing the elliptical hole I5 into the circular holeI6 (Fig. 6). The tool |40 has a shank |42 extending through a hole in aretainer :plate |43 fixed to a sleeve I 44 by screws I 45 which alsosecure a ring |46 providing a socket |41 for receiving a pressure block|48 having a notched end |49 for receiving the tube T when said block|48 moves toward the work supporting block 35. The tube T is thus heldby the block |48 under yielding pressure` afforded by springs |50kconfined b y sockets provided by ring |43 and sockets |52 provided byblock |48. While the tube T is thus clamped between the blocks |48, and35 at station C under yielding pressure, the tool |40 is positioned intothe opening |5 (Fig. 5) and is caused to rotate. To accomplish this thetool |40 is provided with a anged head |55 having a cross rib |56entering a groove in the head |51 of a shaft |58 journalled in bearings|59 and |50 supported by the sleeve |44. Sleeve |44 is slidably guidedby a bushing |6| and is prevented from rotating relative thereto by akey |62 providing a splined connection between sleeve |44 and bushingISI. Bushing |0| extends through a circular opening |03 in frame |00 andit is provided with an annular flange |04 attached to the mounting pad|03. The shaft |58 is moved axially by moving the sleeve |44 axially.This is accomplished by an air cylinder cooperating with a piston, notshown, connected with a rod |1| connected by a turnbuckle screw |12 witha yoke |13 integral with an annular flange |14 secured by screws |15 tosleeve |44. The turnbuckle |12 is ciamped in adjusted position byknurled head lock nuts |16 and |11 (Fig. 2).

The shaft |58 is rotated by movement of the i piston rod 8| cooperatingwith cylinder 00. The slide 84 connected with rod 8| (Fig. 9) operates arack |80 attached by screws |8| and meshing with a pinion |82 connectedwith shaft |58 by keys |83 (Fig. 3) and locked by a set screw |84 (Fig.3).

Referring to Fig. 10, a pipe 200 connects a compressed air source with avalve 20| connected with an inlet pipe 202 leading into a reducing valveassembly included within the dot dash line rectangle 203. The outletpipe 204 of this assembly is connected with a four-way valve 205 and bya branch pipe 206 with a four-way valve assembly 201. Valve 205 isconnected with the head end of cylinder |10 by pipe 208 and with thepiston rod end of cylinder |10 by pipes 20S and 2|0. Valve 205 isconnected with the head end of piston by pipes 208 and 2| l, and withthe piston rod end of cylinder |30 by pipe 200.

Valve 205 is connected with the head end of cylinder |04 by pipes 208,2|| and 2|2 and with the piston rod end of cylinder |04 by pipes 209 and2|3. Valve 205 is controlled by foot operated pilot valve 2|5 connectedby pipe 2| 0 with pipe 204 and connected with valve 205 by pipe 2i1.When the foot of the operator is not applied to an operating member (notshown) of valve 225 communication between pipes ZIB and 2|1 is blocked01T, thereby permitting a spring (not shown) in valve 205 so to move amovable valve part so that pipe 204 is connected with pipes 209, 2|0 and2|3 so that the piston rod ends oi all off the air cylinders |04, |30and |10 are connected with the air line 200 thereby causing all of thetools at stations A, B and C to be retracted. During this status ofvalve 205, the head ends of the cylinders are vented through pipes 2|2,2| l, 208, pipe 208 being connected with atmosphere through the valve205. At this time the valve 201 causes a pipe 220 to be connected withpipe 200 thereby connecting the piston rod end of cylinder 80 with theair line 200. Therefore the piston rod is moved all the way toward theleft in Fig. 9 and the indexing mechanism is in the position shown inFig. 1. The operation of cylinder 80 is controlled by valve 201; andvalve 201 is controlled by pilot valves 22| and 222. Valves 201, 22| and222 are interconnected by pipes 223 and 224 and valve 222 is connectedby pipe 225 with pipe 206. When airis being admitted to the piston rodend of cylinder |10 the yoke |13 associated with said piston |10, due toits connection with rod |1|, will be in the position shown in Fig. 1.When in this position it causes pilot valve 22| (Figs. l0 and l) to beopened while valve 222 remains closed. This is accomplished byconnecting the yoke |13 by a link 230. am arm 23| and a shaft 232 with alever 233' carrying an adjustable screw 234 for engaging the operatingmember of valve 22| to open said valve. When valve 22| is opened, thereis no air pressure present in valve 201 to cause its movable valvemember. not shown, to move into such position as to connect pipe 206with the head end of cylinder 00. Therefore a spring .maintains thismovable valve member in such position as to connect only the pipe 222with the pipe 206 while the head end of cylinder 80 is being ventedthrough a pipe 228. When air is admitted into the head end of piston |10to cause tool (Fig. 3) to move toward the left and the yoke |13 (Fig. 1)to move toward the left, the lever 233 will cause a screw 235 carriedthereby to engage the operating member of valve 222 to move downwardlyin order to open valve 222 while valve 22| is closed by aspringcontained within it. Under these conditions air is admittedthrough pipes 225, valve 222, pipe 223 to a control member of valve 201,thereby causing thc movable valve member to move into a position againstthe action of a spring to connect pipe 200 with pipe 228 and to ventpipe 220. Air being admitted through the head end of cylinder 00. the`piston rod 8| Will move downwardly in Fig. 2 or to the right in Fig. 9,thereby causing rack to move toward the right and to cause the pinion|82 to rotate counterclockwise in Fig. and to cause thetool |40to rotatecounterclockwise looking in the direction of the arrow |40a of Fig. 3 ortorotate clockwise as indicated by the arrow |4011 in Fig. 6. Thiscauses-the tool |40 shown in section in Fig. 5 to rotate 180 and thenstop. By this time the elliptical opening i5 has been changed intovthecircular opening l0 and a cylindrical socket has been provided for thereception of another tube of same outside diameter as the tube T. Thedisplaced metal is caused to be shaped into arcuated flanges |8 bycamming surfaces |400 provided by tool |40. The operations of thevarious tools |21 and |32 and |40 are described in detail in thecopending application of Nichols and Weiser referred to.

Following the completion of the operations performed at stations A, Band C, the operator releases pressure of the foot upon the operatingmember of valve 2|5 and the tools are retracted and the tool |40 isrotated'back to normal position. As the result of restoration of theyoke |13 to normal position shown in Fig. 2 which effects the reclosingof valve 22| and the opening of valve 222. During the operation of themachine, all that is required of the operator is to load tubes T atstation L, the loading station, upon the workholder block 35 and thendepress a pedal control valve 2|5 to cause the tools |21, |32 and |40 tooperate upon the tubes which are located at stations A, B and Crespectiveiy. Release of the foot pressure upon the operating member ofvalve 2 l5 is followed by restoration oi the tools from the Work and theindexing of the workholder shaft 24 clockwise (Fig. l) into'the nextposition. The nished work is discharged at discharge station D. andgravitates upon a chute to whichguides it to v-a receptacle.

While the embodiment of the present invention as herein disclosed,constitutes a preferred form, it is to be understood that other formsmight be adopted, al1 coming within the scope oi' the claims whichfollow.

What is claimed is as follows:

l. A machine for progressively enlarging an opening in the side of atube comprising, in combination, a conveyor provided with a plurality ofworkholders each for supporting a tube having an opening previouslyformed therein, means for intermittently moving the conveyor in order tomove the workholders progressively into a plurality of operatingstations, devices located respectively at the operating stations forprogressively shaping the tube so that the preformed opening becomes alarger circular opening defined by outwardly projecting arcuate flanges,then an elongated opening formed by spreading said arcuate anges, andfinally a still larger circular opening, each of said forming devicesincluding a forming punch, means for actuating said punches toward andaway from the tubes and means for rotating the punch at the lastoperating station while said punch is entered within the tube.

2. In a machine for progressively enlarging an opening in the side of atube, the combination comprising a work holder for supporting a tubehaving a previously formed opening of substantially elliptical shape, aforming punch for entering the opening, said punch being rotatable toform the tube so as to provide an opening of circular shape, a shaftconnected with the punch, means for moving the shaft axially, means forrotating the shaft, and means responsive to movement of the shaftaxially to carry the punch into the tube for causing the shaft rotatingmeans to become eii'ective.

3. In a machine for progressively enlarging an opening in the side of atube, the combination comprising work holders each for supporting a tubehaving a previously formed opening of substantially elliptical shape, aforming punch for entering the opening, said punch being rotatable toform the tube so as to provide an opening of circular shape, a conveyorfor supporting the workholders and movable intermittently to locatetubes successively adjacent to the punch, means for operating theconveyor and including a reciprocating member and a one-way motiontransmitting means between the reciprocating member and conveyor, meansfor moving the punch axially through the opening in the tube adjacentthereto, and means for rotating the punch while within the tube, saidmeans being operated by the reciprocating member when moving in suchdirection that the one-way motion transmitting means is non-operativeand the conveyor is stationary.

4. In a machine for progressively enlarging an opening in the side of atube, the combination comprising work holders each forsupporting a tubehaving a previously formed opening of substantially elliptical shape, aforming punch for entering the opening, said punch being rotatable toform the tube so as to provide an opening f circular shape, a conveyorfor supporting the work holders and movable intermittently to locatetubes successively adjacent to the punch, means for operating theconveyor and including a reciprocating member and a one-way motiontransmitting means between the reciprocating member and conveyor, meansfor moving the punch axially through the opening in vthe tube adjacentthereto, means operated by said reciprocating member for rotating thepunch, and apparatus rendered effective in response to the retraction ofthe punch from lthe tube for causing said reciprocating member tooperate in a direction to cause said one-way motion transmittingmechanism to be eiective to move the conveyor, and said apparatusrendered effective in response to entry of the punch within the tube forcausing said reciprocating member to operate in the opposite directionwhereby the conveyor is stationary while the punch is rotated whenwithin the tube.

5. A machine for progressively enlarging an opening in the side of atube comprising, in combination, a conveyor provided with a plurality ofWorkholders each for supporting a tube having an opening previouslyformed therein, means for intermittently moving the conveyor in order tomove the workholders progressively into a plurality of operatingstations, devices located respectively at the operating stations forprogressively shaping the tube so that the preformed opening becomes alarger circular opening dened by outwardly projecting arcuate flanges,then an elongated opening formed by spreading said arcuate flanges, andnally a still larger circular opening, each of said forming devicesincluding a forming punch, means for actuating said punches toward andaway from the tubes, means for rotating the punch at the last operatingstation while said punch is entered within the tube and a controller forsaid punch rotating means rendered effective by the positioning of thepunch at the last operating station within the tube to cause the punchrotating means to operate.

6. A machine for progressively enlarging an opening in the side of atube comprising, in combination, a conveyor provided with a plurality ofworkholders each for supporting a tube having an opening previouslyformed therein, means for intermittently moving the conveyor in order tomove the workholders progressively into a plurality of operatingstations, devices located respectively at the operating stations forprogressively shaping the tube so that the preformed opening becomes alarger circular opening dened by outwardly projecting arcuate flanges,then an elongated opening formed by spreading said arcuate iianges, andfinally a still larger circular opening, each of said forming devicesincluding a forming punch, means for actuating said punches toward andaway from the tubes, means for rotating the punch at the last operatingstation while said punch is entered within the tube, and a controllerfor the conveyor moving means rendered effective by the positioning ofthe punches outside the tube for conditioning the controller for causingthe conveyor moving means to operate.

7. A machine for progressively enlarging an opening in the side of atube comprising, in combination, a conveyor provided with a plurality ofworkholders each for supporting a tube having an opening previouslyformed therein, said conveyor being movable intermittently to carry thetubes progressively into a plurality of operating stations, deviceslocated respectively at the operating stations for progressively shapingthe tube so that the preformed opening becomes a larger circular openingdened by outwardly projecting arcuate iianges, then an elongated openingformed by spreading said arcuate flanges,

agudiza and finally a still larger circular opening, each-I" of saidforming devices including a forming punch, means for actuating saidpunches toward and away from the tubes, apparatus operablel either toeffect rotation of the punch at the4 last operating station While saidpunch is entered 'y within the tube or to effect movement of theconveyor While said punches are withdrawn fromA the tube, and acontroller rendered eiective by the entry of the rotatable punch withinthe tube for causing the apparatus to perform the iirst mentionedfunction and rendered effective by the retraction of the rotatable punchfrom the tube for causing said apparatus to perform the second mentionedfunction.

8. In a machine for progressively enlarging an opening in the side of atube, the combination l comprising, a Workholder for supporting a tubehaving a previously formed opening of substantially elliptical shape, aforming punch for entering the opening, said punch being rotatable toform the tube so as to provide an opening or circular shape, means foraxially moving the punch into and out of the tube, a rotary shaftsupporting the punch, a pinion connected with the shaft, a gear meshingwith the pinion, means for moving the gear in either direction, and acontroller for the gear moving means conditioned in response to thepositioning of the punch Within the tube for causing the gear to bemoved in one direction and conditioned in response to the positioning ofthe punch outside the tube for causing the gear to be moved in theopposite direction, and conveyor moving means operated by movement ofthe gear in said opposite direction. Y

9. In a machine for progressively enlarging an opening in the side of a.tube, the combination comprising, a workholder for supporting a tubehaving a previously formed opening of substantially elliptical shape, aforming punch for entering the opening, said punch being rotatable toiorm the tube so as to provide'an opening of circular shape, means foraxially moving the punch into and out of the tube, "a rotary shaftsupporting the punch, a pinion connected with the shaft, a gear meshingwith the pinion, means for moving the gear in either direction, a onewaymotion-transmitting mechanism including ratchet and pawl members formoving the conveyor, means connecting one of said members with the gearand a controller for the gear moving means conditioned in response tothe positioning of the punch within the tube for causing the gear to bemoved in such direction that the ratchet and pawl members areoperatively disconnected and conditioned in response to the positioningof the punch outside the tube for causing the gear to be moved in suchdirection that the ratchet and pawl members are operatively connected.

JOHN Q. HOLMES. BASIL S. SAMPLE.

